渤海局部海域风暴潮漫滩的数值模拟   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

史峰岩  孙文心 《海洋与湖沼》1993,24(1):16-23

在Johns变边界模型的基础上,提出了一种嵌套式变边界数值模型,应用于渤海风暴潮的数值计算。分别模拟得到了1964年和1969年两次渤海风暴潮黄河三角洲一带的最大淹水范围和水位过程曲线。模拟过程中考虑了天文潮与风暴潮的非线性耦合效应。模拟结果分别与实测值和固定边界模型的结果进行了比较,从而证实了变边界模型不仅能计算出最大淹水范围,而且得到的风暴潮水位值也更加符合实际。  相似文献   

Modeling of storm-induced coastal flooding for emergency management   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

K. F. Cheung  A. C. Phadke  Y. Wei  R. Rojas  Y. J. -M. Douyere  C. D. Martino  S. H. Houston  P. L. -F. Liu  P. J. Lynett  N. Dodd  S. Liao  E. Nakazaki 《Ocean Engineering》2003,30(11):1353-1386

This paper describes a model package that simulates coastal flooding resulting from storm surge and waves generated by tropical cyclones. The package consists of four component models implemented at three levels of nested geographic regions, namely, ocean, coastal, and nearshore. The operation is automated through a preprocessor that prepares the computational grids and input atmospheric conditions and manages the data transfer between components. The third generation spectral wave model WAM and a nonlinear long-wave model calculate respectively the wave conditions and storm surge over the ocean region. The simulation results define the water levels and boundary conditions for the model SWAN to transform the storm waves in coastal regions. The storm surge and local tides define the water level in each nearshore region, where a Boussinesq model uses the wave spectra output from SWAN to simulate the surf-zone processes and runup along the coastline. The package is applied to hindcast the coastal flooding caused by Hurricanes Iwa and Iniki, which hit the Hawaiian Island of Kauai in 1982 and 1992, respectively. The model results indicate good agreement with the storm-water levels and overwash debris lines recorded during and after the events, demonstrating the capability of the model package as a forecast tool for emergency management.  相似文献   

基于相对湿润度指数的西北地区春季第一场透雨研究     

朱飙  张强  李春华  卢国阳 《干旱区地理》2021,44(1):55-62

目前西北四省区春季第一场透雨标准的确定主要来自业务人员长期的工作经验积累,针对此,利用陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏249个气象站1960-2016年的日资料,通过分析西北地区相对湿润度指数,结合潜在蒸散特征,确定了春季第一场透雨阈值。与已有研究相比,本方法充分考虑了研究区各地相对湿润度指数的气候特征与各地的能量及水热平衡,理论依据明确,选用的指标能充分反映各气象要素对气候干湿状况的综合影响,因此确定的透雨阈值稳定,月差异小。随后按照这一指标分析西北地区春季第一场透雨特征,结果表明:该地区春季第一场透雨自东南向西北逐步推进,陕南南部出现最早,主要在3月,关中、陕南北部出现在3、4月的概率之和>80%;甘肃河东大部、宁夏大部、青海东部出现在4、5月的概率之和>70%;青海西部是出现最晚的区域,基本上出现在6月。从出现日期的年代际变化看,甘肃河东出现时间最稳定,宁夏、陕西出现日期变化最大,青海西部与甘肃河西较一致,介于二者之间;同时,甘肃河西、陕西关中、陕南春季第一场透雨出现时间变晚趋势明显,其余地区变化趋势不明显。研究结果可供在透雨监测、预测中使用,也可供在制定西北地区春季第一场透雨标准时参考,以便于区域气候评估使用。  相似文献   

1961—2020年乌鲁木齐市气候舒适度变化[*]     

普宗朝  冯志敏  张山清  谷然  宋雪菲 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(5):160-167

基于乌鲁木齐市及其周边9个气象站1961-2020年气候资料以及综合气候舒适度指数模型,采用统计学方法和ArcGIS的精细化空间插值技术对近60a气候舒适度时空变化进行分析。结果表明,乌鲁木齐市气候舒适度及其变化具有明显的区域性和季节性差异:（1）气候舒适度指数的年内变化,平原地带呈双峰双谷的“M”型,山区为单峰单谷的“∩”型。（2）受气温升高、相对湿度增大、风速减小、日照时数减少的综合影响,近60a平原地带春、秋、冬季气候舒适度指数显著（P=0.05）增大,夏季显著减小;山区夏、秋季气候舒适度指数显著增大,冬、春季变化不明显。（3）近30a（199l-2020年）较前30a(196l-1990年),春季和秋季平原地带气候较舒适区海拔上限升高了100-150m,山区气候较不舒适区和不舒适区向高海拔抬升了50-100m;夏季北部平原气候较舒适区海拔上限升高了100-150m,山前倾斜平原至中山带的气候舒适区向高海拔抬升了约100m,高山带气候较不舒适区和不舒适区也向高海拔抬升并压缩了50-100m;冬季虽气候舒适度指数有所增大,但全市属于气候不舒适区的状况未发生改变。  相似文献   

江苏省人口—经济耦合与经济发展阶段关联分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴连霞  赵媛  管卫华  王玉娟 《地域研究与开发》2016,(1):57-63

运用灰色关联法建立耦合系统评价指标体系,构建人口与经济耦合关联模型,以江苏省县域为研究单元,基于第五次及第六次人口普查数据,定量评判人口与经济发展的耦合类型及特征,并将其与经济发展阶段相联系,研究耦合类型与不同经济发展阶段的变化规律。结果表明:2000年江苏省处于工业化初期,各县域大致划分为低水平(14个)、拮抗型(29个)、磨合型(20个)3种类型耦合区;2010年全省处于工业化中期向后期过渡阶段,各县域分为拮抗型(40个)、磨合型(11个)和协调型(12个)3种类型耦合区;耦合类型空间分布以长江为界,苏南与苏北两极分化明显,长江以北耦合类型水平较低,长江两岸耦合类型中等,长江以南耦合类型水平较高。从人口与经济发展耦合类型和经济发展阶段变化间的关联来看,在市场开放的条件下,区域的耦合类型随着经济发展阶段的升级而依次升级,经济发展阶段越高,人口与经济耦合程度越高,其耦合类型与经济发展水平在空间上则越趋向于协调一致。  相似文献   

植被淹没程度对坡面流水动力学特性影响          下载免费PDF全文

杨帆  张宽地  杨明义  杨婕 《水科学进展》2016,27(6):832-840

为深入揭示植被覆盖条件下坡面水流结构的内在规律,采用水槽模拟试验,系统研究了植被处于淹没及非淹没工况下淹没度对坡面流水动力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:坡度一定条件下,平均流速和雷诺数与淹没度均成正相关关系;柔性植被覆盖下,水流流型由缓流区过渡到急流区,综合阻力系数随淹没度的增加而减小,刚性植被覆盖条件下水流流型均处于缓流区;综合阻力系数呈单驼峰形式变化;峰值处淹没度为0.9,淹没度对相对摩阻流速的影响与其对阻力系数呈相反变化趋势,基于淹没度的阻力计算经验公式决定系数均达到0.97以上;由于淹没度对各水动力学参数的影响受制于坡度,在坡面水土保持中应根据山区坡度和水深选择适当的植被高度。  相似文献   

Lateglacial and Holocene relative sea‐level changes and first evidence for the Storegga tsunami in Sutherland,Scotland          下载免费PDF全文

Antony J. Long  Natasha L. M. Barlow  Sue Dawson  Jon Hill  James B. Innes  Catherine Kelham  Fraser D. Milne  Alastair Dawson 《第四纪科学杂志》2016,31(3):239-255

We reconstruct one of the longest relative sea‐level (RSL) records in north‐west Europe from the north coast of mainland Scotland, using data collected from three sites in Loch Eriboll (Sutherland) that we combine with other studies from the region. Following deglaciation, RSL fell from a Lateglacial highstand of +6?8 m OD (Ordnance Datum = ca. mean sea level) at ca. 15 k cal a BP to below present, then rose to an early Holocene highstand and remained at ca. +1 m OD between ca. 7 and 3 k cal a BP, before falling to present. We find no evidence for significant differential Holocene glacio‐isostatic adjustment between sites on the north‐west (Lochinver, Loch Laxford), north (Loch Eriboll) and north‐east (Wick) coast of mainland Scotland. This suggests that the region was rapidly deglaciated and there was little difference in ice loads across the region. From one site at the head of Loch Eriboll we report the most westerly sedimentary evidence for the early Holocene Storegga tsunami on the Scottish mainland. The presence of the Storegga tsunami in Loch Eriboll is predicted by a tsunami wave model, which suggests that the tsunami impacted the entire north coast of Scotland and probably also the Atlantic coastline of north‐west Scotland.

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Development of a model-based high-resolution extreme surface wind climatology for Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stéphane Goyette 《Natural Hazards》2008,44(3):329-339

An innovative methodology aimed at establishing a numerical model-based high-resolution climatology of extreme winds over Switzerland is described, that makes use of the Canadian Regional Climate Model where a new windgust parameterization has been implemented. Self-nesting procedures allow windstorms to be studied at resolution as high as 2-km. The analysis of ten major windstorms concludes that the average spatial pattern and magnitude of the simulated windspeeds are well captured, and the areas that experienced extreme winds correspond well with observations and to the location where forest damage was reported following the last two of these storms. This climatology would eventually serve to form risk assessment maps based on the exceedance of windspeed thresholds. There is, however, a need for further investigations to encompass the full range of potential extreme wind cases. The ultimate goal of this methodology is to assess the change in the behaviour of extreme winds for a climate forced by enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations, and the impact of future windstorms over the Alpine region at high resolution.  相似文献   

Field-based monitoring of sediment runoff from natural gas well sites in Denton County,Texas, USA     

H. F. L. Williams  D. L. Havens  K. E. Banks  D. J. Wachal 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(7):1463-1471

This study evaluates sediment runoff from gas well development sites in Denton County, Texas. The magnitude of sediment runoff was investigated by intercepting sediment in traps and weirs at the periphery of each gas well site and by measuring the growth of debris lobes that formed down slope from two sites. Four debris lobes formed at one gas well site and one formed at a second site. Debris lobes ranged in size from 30 to 306 square meters. Sediment from one site entered local creek channels, either as a component of storm water runoff or, in one case, as a debris lobe that flowed into a channel. The study findings suggest that sediment movement is significantly diminished once areas disturbed by gas well construction become naturally re-vegetated. Based on estimates of debris lobe volumes, sediment loading rates of about 54 metric tonnes per hectare per year were calculated for one site. It is concluded that gas well development sites in areas similar to those studied, especially where vegetation has been removed and terrain has relatively steep slopes (greater than 6%), generate sediment runoff comparable to small construction sites and should therefore be considered for regulations requiring erosion and sediment control measures.  相似文献   

砂土密实度的成因分析及其评价方法的探讨     

孔祥国 《岩土工程技术》2008,22(6):289-291,311

砂土的密实程度是影响其工程性质的重要因素,评价砂土密实度的方法很多,但所得结果可能有差异．通常认为这是试验方法不同引起的试验误差。实际上砂土的成因及埋藏条件、地下水也是影响砂土密实度的重要因素。承压水的承压力会改变土中有效自重应力的分布,致使砂土密实度出现反常现象。工程中应注重砂土密实度的成因分析,运用理论知识．分辨各种评价方法的适用条件及其优缺点。  相似文献